Direct vs. Indirect (F&A) Costs

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Question

What is the difference between direct and indirect (F&A) costs on sponsored projects?

Answer

Costs on sponsored projects are generally classified as either direct costs or indirect costs, also called Facilities and Administrative (F&A) costs.

Direct Costs
Direct costs are expenses that can be specifically identified with and assigned to a particular sponsored project. Examples may include:

  • Salaries and wages for employees working on the project

  • Project-specific supplies and materials

  • Travel related to the project

  • Equipment purchased for the project

  • Participant support costs, when allowable

  • Other costs that directly benefit and can be specifically identified with the project

A direct cost must be allowable, allocable, and reasonable, and must comply with the terms and conditions of the sponsored award and USD policies.

Indirect (F&A) Costs
Indirect costs are costs incurred to support sponsored projects but that cannot be readily and specifically identified with a particular project. These costs are also referred to as Facilities and Administrative (F&A) costs.

F&A costs may include expenses related to:

  • Facilities and building operations

  • Utilities

  • Administrative support

  • Accounting and financial services

  • Sponsored program administration

  • Other institutional infrastructure that supports sponsored research and activities

F&A costs are generally recovered through an approved F&A rate applied to the appropriate direct cost base. The applicable F&A rate and cost base are determined by the sponsored award, USD's negotiated rate agreement, and sponsor requirements.

A cost should not be charged directly to a sponsored project simply because funding is available. The cost must meet the requirements for direct charging and be appropriately supported by the project.

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